Energy storage systems are an essential part of progress towards a cleaner, more sustainable energy future. An energy storage system or ESS is defined as a technology that captures and stores energy for later use. This stored energy can be used to supply power during periods of peak demand or during grid outages.
The main function of an ESS is to store energy from renewable sources such as wind turbines or solar panels, which can be released back into the grid when demand is high. This is especially important because renewable energy sources can be intermittent, meaning they may not produce energy when needed.
By storing excess energy, ESSs can provide consistent, reliable power to the grid during peak hours or emergencies. ESSs can take many different forms, including batteries, flywheels, and compressed air storage. Lithium-ion batteries are one of the most widely used storage technologies due to their high energy density and relatively low cost. A flywheel, on the other hand, stores kinetic energy in a spinning wheel that releases energy on demand. Compressed air energy storage works by compressing air and storing it in a tank until it is needed again. ESSs work by capturing and storing the energy generated. This energy can be stored for short-term or long-term, depending on the needs of the grid. When energy is needed, the stored energy can be released to supplement the energy supply of the grid.